APA Citation

The title identifies the work, and you must always include this element in a citation. Titles are given in full as they appear in the source (exception long social media titles are limited to 20 words). If there is a subtitle, it follows after the main title, separated by a colon and a space.

Titles for stand-alone works

Stand-alone works include such items as books, reports, dissertations, theses, webpages, films/movies, TV series, podcasts, data sets, CDs, DVDs, informally published works, social media

• Italicize titles of stand-alone works
• Use sentence case for capitalization.

Example book citation: 

Highway, T. (2021). Permanent astonishment: A memoir. Doubleday Canada.

Example Instagram citation: 

Titles for works that are part of a larger work

Examples of a part of a larger work include: a chapter in a collection of works, an article in a journal/magazine/newspaper, a posting on a website, an episode of a TV series, a song on an album, etc.

• Neither italicize nor use "quotation marks” for these titles; simply write them in normal script
• Use sentence case for capitalization. 

Example magazine article citation:

Example podcast episode: 

Works with no title

If there is no title, give a generic description of the source in normal typescript (i.e. neither italicized nor enclosed in quotation marks), enclosed in square brackets. Use sentence case for capitalization. 

Example online photograph citation: