LibGuides: APA Citation: Reports/Gray Literature & Case Studies

Reports/Gray Literature, Case Studies

General information

Reports (government, technical, research, etc.) are part of Gray Literature, which also includes press releases, codes of ethics, grants, policy briefs, issue briefs, and so on
If a report has a number, include it after the title in regular script and in parentheses, e.g. (Report No. 123...)
You may include a description of the type of the gray literature in square brackets, e.g. [Grant]
If the publisher is the same as the author, omit the publisher information (as in the Statistics Canada example)
Link: Always include the DOI if available (print AND online items); DOI hyperlinks use https://doi.org/ as the prefix. If a work shows “http:/dx.doi.org/” or “doi:” or “DOI:” before the DOI number, change it into the proper format in your reference list. If there is no DOI, include the URL for reports from an open website, but treat a report from a database that has NO DOI like a print report.

Reports/Gray Literature

Author last name, A. A. (Year). Title of report: Subtitle (Report # if available) [Type of document other than report]. Publisher if different from author.

Author last name, A. A. (Year). Title of report: Subtitle (Report # if available) [Type of document other than report]. Publisher if different from author. https://doi.org/xxxx OR https://xxxxx

Coote, D. R., & Gregorich, L. R. (Eds.) (2007). The health of our water: Toward sustainable agriculture in Canada. (Catalogue no. A15-2020/2000E). Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada.

Coote, D. R., & Gregorich, L. R. (Eds.) (2007). The health of our water: Toward sustainable agriculture in Canada. (Catalogue no. A15-2020/2000E). Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada. http://publications.gc.ca/collections/Collection/A15-2020-2000E.pdf

Statistics Canada. (2024). International women's day 2024 (Catalogue no. 89-28-0001). https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/pub/89-28-0001/2022001/article/00009-eng.htm

Kwantlen Polytechnic University. (2024). Kwantlen Polytechnic University pay transparency report. https://www.kpu.ca/sites/default/files/KPU_Pay%20Transparency%20Report_2024_Final.pdf

Protein Industries Canada. (2025, September 10). Canadian start-up Phytokana developing new fava-based ingredients [Press release]. https://www.proteinindustriescanada.ca/news-releases/phytokana-maiafarms

Canada Green Building Council (2025, February 26). Reducing embodied carbon in Canada’s buildings [White paper]. https://www.cagbc.org/news-resources/research-and-reports/reducing-embodied-carbon-in-canadas-buildings/

In-text citations (if quoting, also include the specific part of the source)

... (Coote & Gregorich, 2007) ... (Statistics Canada, 2024) ... (Kwantlen Polytechnic University [KPU], 2024) the first time, then ... (KPU, 2024) ... (Protein Industries Canada, 2025) ... (Canada Green Building Council [CAGBC], 2025 the first time, then (CAGBC, 2025).

CLICK FOR MORE REPORT WITH INDIVIDUAL AUTHORS, REPORT BY A GOVERNMENT AGENCY AND BROCHURES, ETHICS CODE, FACT SHEETS, ISO STANDARDS, PRESS RELEASES, AND WHITE PAPERS EXAMPLES AND EXPLANATIONS FROM THE APA STYLE WEBSITE

Case Studies

Examples below are courtesy of APA Style Guidelines & Examples - NAIT Library

Example Harvard Business School Case Study

Author last name, A. A. (Date). Title. HBS No. xxxxx. https://.....

Smith, S. (2003). Leadership. HBS No. 7-806-122. https://hbsp.harvard.edu/cases/

Example Ivey Business School Case Study

Author last name, A. A. (Date). Title. Ivey ID: xxxxx. https://......

Heisz, M., & Leech, L. (2005). Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002: Understanding the requirements and the Canadian response. Ivey ID: 9B05B009. https://www.iveycases.com/