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APA Citation: Reports, Gray Literature & Case Studies

Reports

  • Reports (government, technical, research, etc.) are part of Gray Literature, which also includes such things ar press releases, codes of ethics, grants, policy briefs, issue briefs, and so on
  • If a report has a number, include it after the title in regular script and in parentheses: (Report No. 123...)
  • You may include a description of the type of the gray literature in square brackets, for example [Grant]
  • If the publisher is the same as the author, omit the publisher information (as in the Statistics Canada example)
  • Always include the DOI if available (print AND online reports); if there is no DOI, include the URL for reports from an open website, but treat a report from a database that has NO DOI like a print report. Generally, do NOT include the database name; for exceptions, see 9.30 of the manual. 
  • ABOUT THE DOI: the current preferred format for ALL DOI hyperlinks uses https://doi.org/ as the prefix. Older works may use previous formats (e.g., “http:/dx.doi.org/” or “doi:” or “DOI:” before the DOI number). Standardize all your DOI hyperlinks into the current preferred format in your reference list.

CLICK FOR MORE REPORT WITH INDIVIDUAL AUTHORS EXAMPLES AND EXPLANATIONS FROM THE APA STYLE WEBSITE

CLICK FOR MORE REPORT BY A GOVERNMENT AGENCY EXAMPLES AND EXPLANATIONS FROM THE APA STYLE WEBSITE

 

Author last name, A. A. (Date). Title of report: Subtitle (Report # if available). Publisher if different from author.

Author last name, A. A. (year). Title of report: Subtitle (Report # if available). Publisher if different from author. https://doi.org/xxxx OR https://xxxxx

 

Coote, D. R., & Gregorich, L. R. (Eds.) (2007). The health of our water: Toward sustainable agriculture in Canada. (Catalogue no. A15-2020/2000E). Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada.

Coote, D. R., & Gregorich, L. R. (Eds.) (2007). The health of our water: Toward sustainable agriculture in Canada. (Catalogue no. A15-2020/2000E). Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada. http://publications.gc.ca/collections/Collection/A15-2020-2000E.pdf

Statistics Canada. (2019, December 2). Cybercrime in Canada (Catalogue no. 89-28-0001). https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/pub/89-28-0001/2018001/article/00015-eng.htm

 

In text citation: ... (Coote & Gregorich, 2007) ... (Statistics Canada, 2019) ... 

Note: if quoting also include a page number or other locator

Other Gray Literature

CLICK ON EACH ITEM FOR EXAMPLE CITATIONS AND EXPLANATIONS FROM THE APA STYLE WEBSITE: 

BROCHURES, ETHICS CODE, FACT SHEETS, ISO STANDARDS, PRESS RELEASES, WHITE PAPERS

 

Author last name, A. A. (Date). Title of document: Subtitle [Type of document]. Publisher if different from author.

Author last name, A. A. (year). Title of document: Subtitle [Type of document]. Publisher if different from author. https://doi.org/xxxx OR https://xxxxx

 

Kwantlen Polytechnic University. (2019). Statement of financial information pursuant to the Financial Information Act for the year ended March 31, 2019. https://www.kpu.ca/sites/default/files/Finance/FY19%20KPU%20SOFI%20SIGNED.pdf

Tesla. (2019, October 23). Tesla releases third quarter 2019 financial results [Press release]. https://ir.tesla.com/news-releases/news-release-details/tesla-releases-third-quarter-2019-financial-results

Borealis GeoPower Inc. (2018, April 10). Canada’s geothermal village – 'Sustainaville' GeoPark [Grant]. Natural Resources Canada. https://www.nrcan.gc.ca/science-and-data/funding-partnerships/funding-opportunities/current-investments/canadas-geothermal-village-sustainaville-geopark/20923  

 

In text citation: ... (Coote & Gregorich, 2007) ... (Statistics Canada, 2019) ... (Kwantlen Polytechnic University [KPU], 2019) the first time, then ... (KPU, 2019) ... (Tesla, 2019) ... (Borealis GeoPower Inc., 2019)

Note: if quoting also include a page number or other locator

Case Studies

 

  • ABOUT THE DOI: the current preferred format for ALL DOI hyperlinks uses https://doi.org/ as the prefix. Older works may use previous formats (e.g., “http:/dx.doi.org/” or “doi:” or “DOI:” before the DOI number). Standardize all your DOI hyperlinks into the current preferred format in your reference list
  • Examples below are courtesy of APA Style Guidelines & Examples - NAIT Library

 

HARVARD BUSINESS SCHOOL CASE STUDY

Author last name, A. A. (Date). Title. HBS No. xxxxx. https://.....

Smith, S. (2003). Leadership. HBS No. 7-806-122. https://hbsp.harvard.edu/cases/

IVEY BUSINESS SCHOOL CASE STUDY

Author last name, A. A. (Date). Title. Ivey ID: xxxxx. https://......

Heisz, M., & Leech, L. (2005). Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002: Understanding the requirements and the Canadian response. Ivey ID: 9B05B009. https://www.iveycases.com/

 

In text citation: ... (Smith, 2003) ... (Heisz & Leech, 2005) 

Note: if quoting also include a page number or other locator