Discographies, filmographies, and the like are specialized bibliographies that list (and sometimes annotate) materials such as audio recordings, video recordings, and multimedia packages.
Discographies are generally presented as a separate list, either preceding the bibliography or as an appendix.
Click here for a sample discography (note that you must be logged in to access this link)
NOTE: the Chicago Manual does not provide detailed guidance on inserting musical examples into your essays. The following guidelines have been approved by Dr. Tones, but always check with your instructors about their preference of citing these sources.
Musical examples require a caption, a footnote, and a bibliography entry.
The caption should be placed above the example and should include the example number (label examples in the order they appear in your paper), the composer's name, piece's title, the measure numbers, and any other information required to identify the example's location within the score. Place a footnote number at the end of the caption, with a full footnote citation at the bottom of the page. Include a full bibliography citation in your Works Cited list.
Caption:
Example 1 Frédéric Chopin, Ballade No. 2 in F Major, Op. 38, mm. 1-61
Footnote:
1. Chopin, Frédéric, “Ballade No. 2 in F Major,” in Complete Ballades, Impromptus & Sonatas, ed. Carl Mikuli (Mineola, NY: Dover, 1998), 17.
Bibliography Entry:
Chopin, Frédéric. “Ballade No. 2 in F Major.: In Complete Ballades, Impromptus & Sonatas, edited by Carl Mikuli, 17-25. Mineola, NY: Dover, 1998.
From a Database
1. Josephine Baker, vocalist, “Dinah,” by Henry Akst, Sam Lewis, and Joe Young, recorded October 1926, with Jazz Oliver et ses Boys de Folies-Bergere, track 4 on Un Message Pour Toi: Original Paris Recordings 1926-1937, Odeon Ki 922, 2002, Naxos.
Baker, Josephine, vocalist. “Dinah.” By Henry Akst, Sam Lewis, and Joe Young. Recorded October 1926. With Jazz Oliver et ses Boys de Folies-Bergere. Track 4 on Un Message Pour Toi: Original Paris Recordings 1926-1937. Odeon Ki 922, 2002, Naxos.
From a Streaming Service
2. Norman Blake, “You Are My Sunshine,” by Jimmie Davis and Charles Mitchell, track 1 on O Brother Where Art Thou?, Mercury, 2000, Soundcloud
Blake, Norman. “You Are My Sunshine.” By Jimmie Davis and Charles Mitchell. Track 3 on O Brother Where Art Thou? Mercury, 2000, Soundcloud
From a CD
3. Norman Blake, “You Are My Sunshine,” by Jimmie Davis and Charles Mitchell, track 1 on O Brother Where Art Thou?, Mercury, 2000, compact disc.
Blake, Norman. “You Are My Sunshine.” By Jimmie Davis and Charles Mitchell. Track 3 on O Brother Where Art Thou? Mercury, 2000, Compact disc.
Live performances cannot be consulted by readers, and therefore it is generally sufficient to mention details in the text and in the notes. In addition to specifying the name and location of the venue and the date of the performance, include as much information as needed to identify the performance, for example the name of the vocalist, conductor, director, the title of the work, information about the work, other contributors, and any other relevant information.
Example:
In a performance of Lin-Manuel Miranda’s Hamilton at the Richard Rodgers Theatre in New York on February 2, 2016, . . .
Footnote:
1. Hamilton, music and lyrics by Lin-Manuel Miranda, dir. Thomas Kail, chor. Andy Blakenbuehler, Richard Rodgers Theatre, New York, NY, February 2, 2016.
Online Reference Works - See Chicago Manual section 14.233.
Footnote:
1. Grove Music Online, s.v. "Schumann, Clara," by Nancy B. Reich, updated 23 Feb., 2011, https://doi.org/10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.25152.