- Borrowing
Ensure sustainable consumption and production patterns.
Countries have made strides in meeting obligations under international environmental agreements on hazardous waste and other chemicals and implementing comprehensive approaches to combat environmental degradation. Patterns of unsustainable consumption and production persist, however. In 2022, global food waste reached 1.05 billion metric tons, yet only 9 of 193 countries included food waste in their nationally determined contributions (NDCs) on climate change actions. The rapid growth of global e-waste remains largely unaddressed, with only 22 per cent collected and managed sustainably.
While domestic material consumption and material footprints continue to expand, growth rates have slowed. Regional disparities underscore the need for targeted interventions based on varying consumption patterns and environmental impacts.
Achieving Goal 12 requires fostering circular economy models, sustainable production practices and responsible consumption. These approaches can take advantage of opportunities at every stage of production to reduce resource and fossil fuel use, drive innovation, conserve energy and mitigate emissions. Progress largely depends on robust regulatory frameworks, financial incentives and public awareness campaigns.
| Target | Description |
|---|---|
| 12.1 |
Implement the 10‑Year Framework of Programmes on Sustainable Consumption and Production Patterns, all countries taking action, with developed countries taking the lead, taking into account the development and capabilities of developing countries. |
| 12.2 |
By 2030, achieve the sustainable management and efficient use of natural resources. |
| 12.3 |
By 2030, halve per capita global food waste at the retail and consumer levels and reduce food losses along production and supply chains, including post-harvest losses. |
|
12.4 |
By 2020, achieve the environmentally sound management of chemicals and all wastes throughout their life cycle, in accordance with agreed international frameworks, and significantly reduce their release to air, water and soil in order to minimize their adverse impacts on human health and the environment. |
| 12.5 |
By 2030, substantially reduce waste generation through prevention, reduction, recycling and reuse. |
| 12.6 |
Encourage companies, especially large and transnational companies, to adopt sustainable practices and to integrate sustainability information into their reporting cycle. |
| 12.7 |
Promote public procurement practices that are sustainable, in accordance with national policies and priorities. |
| 12.8 |
By 2030, ensure that people everywhere have the relevant information and awareness for sustainable development and lifestyles in harmony with nature. |
| 12.9 |
Support developing countries to strengthen their scientific and technological capacity to move towards more sustainable patterns of consumption and production. |
| 12.a |
Develop and implement tools to monitor sustainable development impacts for sustainable tourism that creates jobs and promotes local culture and products. |
| 12.b |
Rationalize inefficient fossil-fuel subsidies that encourage wasteful consumption by removing market distortions, in accordance with national circumstances, including by restructuring taxation and phasing out those harmful subsidies, where they exist, to reflect their environmental impacts, taking fully into account the specific needs and conditions of developing countries and minimizing the possible adverse impacts on their development in a manner that protects the poor and the affected communities. |
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Here are some suggestions from The Global Goals for things you can do to engage with this goal.
Shop, eat, and drink locally.
Supporting neighbourhood businesses keeps people employed and circulates money back into your community.
Be conscious of packaging.
The less the better!
Buy second-hand whenever you can.
Buy from companies with sustainable practices that don't harm the environment.
Download and use food sharing applications.
You can download apps to donate your leftover food and decrease the amount of food waste you produce.
Choose reusable products.
Use an eco-bag for shopping and a reusable water bottle or a cup to reduce your plastic waste.
Advocate for corporate responsibility.
Join petitions and campaigns calling out businesses with unsustainable practices.
