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Music

Writing an Annotated Bibliography

  • Make sure your sources qualify as scholarly! One common mistake is using book or recording review articles or other types of short articles that do not have much depth or detail.
  • Use the evaluation skills we practiced last class. Evaluating sources using the points in the two handouts (attached below) is a starting point to help you think about your source's strengths and weaknesses.
  • Make sure you don't accidentally plagiarize! Be sure to summarize in your own original words. If you have questions about plagiarism, see the library's plagiarism website.

These websites offer advice on doing annotated bibliographies and examples. Please note that they are not in Chicago style and there are significant differences between them and Dr. Tones' assignment. 

Library Sources

You are required to cite and annotate three scholarly books and three scholarly articles.

Suggested Strategy:

  1. Starting points:
    • Your Textbook - See the For Further Reading section on page A23 for lists of important books on each topic.
    • Grove Music Online - Look up your topic here for a detailed overview.  Each topic also has a further reading section at the end.
  2. Get a bigger picture: Books
  3. Examine some of the puzzle pieces: Articles
  4. Did I miss anything? Summon

Having Problems?

Too Many Sources?

  • Review what you have found and pick the best sources
    • Include sources by important authors (identified by your textbook, for example).
    • You may want to use a mix of older and newer sources
    • You may want to narrow down your topic

Too Few Sources?

  • Obtain sources from other libraries
  • Try some different search strategies
    • search for the names of important authors
    • review the bibliographies of sources you've already found to see what those articles are citing
    • use truncation (* symbol) to broaden your search
    • try searching Google Scholar
  • Consider broadening your topic
  • And of course, don't hesitate to ask for help at the Research Help desk or contact me directly!

Interlibrary Loan

If you found a great source, but KPU Library doesn't have it, you can obtain it for free through Interlibrary Loan.  The form you have to fill out is not very user friendly and it's easy to miss the final step to submit your request. Don't hesitate to ask me or another librarian to show you how to do it.


Exploring other libraries is also encouraged! You can obtain a COPPUL card that will allow you to borrow books from almost all of the academic libraries in Western Canada.

Formatting Your Bibliography

Format the citations in your bibliography in Chicago style, using the bibliography (not the notes) format.


For sources that are not music specific, please see the KPU Library's Chicago Style Quick Guide or the Library's online Chicago Manual of Style subscription for instructions and examples:

  • Books and ebooks: pages 1-2 / 14.69 - 14.169
  • Book chapters: page 3 / 14.111 - 14.117
  • Articles, from databases and the Internet: page 4 / 14.170 - 14.217

Scholarly vs. Popular Articles

When conducting research it is important to distinguish between journal articles and magazine articles. Journal articles are typically referred to as "scholarly" or "refereed" while magazine articles are usually considered "popular" or "sensational". Always know which type is acceptable for your research.

 Refereed or Scholarly JournalNews/General InterestPopular MagazineSensational Publication
Format Has serious format Attractive in appearance Generally slick/glossy with an attractive format Cheap newspaper format
Graphics Graphs and charts to illustrate concepts Photos, graphics and illustrations used to enhance articles Photos, illustrations and drawing to enhance image of publication Contains melodramatic, lurid or "doctored" photos
Sources Cited sources with footnotes and/or bibliography Occasionally cite sources, but not as a rule Rarely cite sources. Original sources may be obscure Rarely cite sources of information
Authors Written by scholars or researchers in the field or discipline Written for an educated, general audience by staff, free-lance or scholarly writers Written by the staff or free-lance writers for a broad audience Written by free-lance or staff writers
Language Uses terminology, jargon, and the language of the discipline. Reader is assumed to have similar background Uses language appropriate for an educated readership Uses simple language for minimal educational level. Articles are short, with little depth Contains language that is simple, easy-to-read and understand. Sensational style is often used
Purpose To inform, report, or make original research available to the scholarly world Provide general information to a wide, interested audience Designed to entertain or persuade, to sell products or services Arouse curiosity and interest by distorting the truth. Often uses outrageous or startling headlines
Publishers Generally published by a professional organization Published by commercial enterprises for profit Published for profit Published for profit
Advertising Contains selective advertising Carries advertising Contains extensive advertising Contains advertising as alluring and startling as the stories
Examples American Journal of Sociology, Harvard Business Review, Canadian Historical Review Atlantic Monthly, Newsweek, Fortune, Psychology Today, Scientific American Better Homes and Gardens, GQ, Glamour, People, Sports Illustrated Globe, National Enquirer, National Examiner, Star, Sun

Evaluating Sources

Download the document below and use it to help you evaluate which of the sources you have found are the highest quality.

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